英语词汇导学–顾巍老师
一、题型
- 完形填空 10分
- 阅读理解 40分
- 翻译 15分
- 作文 25分
二、备考四个阶段
- 基本功夯实 1-6月
- 真题解密 6-8月
- 巩固提高 8-10月
- 模考冲刺 10-12月
三、词汇
- 基础词汇 2000左右
- 核心词汇 3000左右,包括词组
- 边缘词汇 1000左右
四、准备词汇
- 分类理解
- 科学的记忆法
- 学以致用
五、常见记忆法
- 词根词缀记忆
- 谐音联想
- 多义词联想
- 形近字联想
- 近义词反义词联想
- 阅读记忆法
六、A开头重点单词盘点
A
1)a-/ar-/al- … A 开头的前缀加强词义不改变词义
2)ab-/abs-:反、用坏、用掉
-
abandon
vt. 抛弃 摒弃 – give up
abndon one’s hope
Good love makes you see the whole world from one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person. -
abide
vi. abide by 遵守 abide by the law-conform to the law
Abide by the local laws and regulations 遵守当地的法律法规 -
abnormal
adj. 反常的(ab+normal正常的) -
abolish
vt. 使流产,取消,废除
abolish the system/abolish the laow
cancel vt. 取消 -
abound
vi. 丰富大量
abundant adj. 丰富的大量的
redundant adj. 多余的;过剩的 -
abroad
adv. 到国外 ab-离开;study abroad留学;go abroad出国
aboard adv./prep 在船上,在火车,飞机上 board 甲板;a-处于…状态;表语形容词
alive/alone/asleep/alike/ashore/awake -
absolute
adj. 绝对的 -
absent
缺席的(ab+sent 出现–>没有出现–>缺席的 be absent from class)
present adj 出席的,现在的 n 礼物 v 介绍呈现 -
absorb
吸收(ab+sorb 吸收–>吸收掉) -
abstract
提取;抽象的;摘要(abs+tract拉–>被拉开–>提取)
abstract vt.提炼 abs-=ab-; n.摘要; adj.抽象的
abstract some mineral out of the ore 从矿石中提炼矿物
tractor 拖拉机; extract vt. 拔出 extract a tooth 拔牙
distract vt. 转移分心;cntract vi.挤压,压缩,收缩;
protract vt.延长 atract吸引 -
absurd
adj. 荒谬的,荒诞的(态度干扰题选项)
The idea that number “13” brings bad luck seems to be quite absurb. -
abundant
adj. 大量的 -abound vi. 丰富大量 -
abuse
(ab+use 用–> 用坏–> 滥用)
vt. 滥用; 虐待 n. 滥用;虐待
abuse one’s power/authority
abuse children 虐童 /captives 虐待俘虏;
drug abuse 吸毒 child abuse 虐待儿童 -
academic
adj. 专业的,学术的;
academic discussion / freedom academy 专业院校(方向)
a military academy 军事院校
college 专科院校;学院(英)=school
institute 研究院
school 大学下属学院(美)
law/business school 法/商学院
university 综合大学
universe 宇宙 -
accelerate
v. 加速 -
access
n. 进入,途径[u]; -cess,-ceed=go,move;
have access to doing sth 有做sth的途径,方法 -
acclaim
n./v.欢呼;claim声称;
proclaim 宣布=declare; proclaim peace/war
reclaim vt. 开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改
to reclaim the ladn from the sea 填海造地 -
accommodate
vt. 1.容纳=contain(物);2.给sb提供居所(人) -
accompany
vt. 陪伴 accompany sb to sp -
accomplish
vt. 完成,达到,实现
accomplish one’s purpose -
accord
n. 符合,一致;in accord with sb 和…保持一致
in accordance with = according to 根据 -
account
n. 账目 accountant 会计师;count v. 数
1)take…into account 考虑到=consider
2)account for a. 占(比例)b. 解释
He can not account for his absence
3) on account of 由于,因为
He was absent from the class on account of his illness -
accumulate
vt. (逐渐)积累;cumulate 累积,积累 -
accuse
vt. 指责,指控;curse 诅咒,诅骂
accuse sb of sth=charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
she was even accused of child abuse -
accustomed
adj. 习惯了的;custom 风俗,习俗;used to do 过去常常
be accustomed to doing/do = be used to doing -
achieve
vt.(经努力)达到目的,如愿以偿
achieve one’s purpose; achieve one’s goal; achievement 完成;成就 -
acknowledge
vt. 承认;致谢 -
acquaint
vt. 结识,使熟悉,使了解 -
acquire
vt.(通过努力)获得 -quire 追求
acquire a degree/language(褒义)
inquire 询问,调查(into);require 需要,要求;
Enquire 询问,打听(about),调查
Can I enquire about the accident? 能否请问这次事故的情况? -
actual
adj. 实际的;actually adv.实际上= in fact -
caute
adj. 1) 急性的 2)敏锐的 3)强烈的 -
adapt
vt. 使适应 adapt oneself to = adjust oneself to
adopt sth 采纳,接受 adopt sb’s advice; adopt sb 领养 adopt an orphan; an adapted son 养子 -
additional
adj. 增加的,额外的=extra -
address
v. 发表演讲,做演讲;vt. 称呼,处理;n.地址(不重要);address to sb aut a meeting 在会上发言
address the environmental problem -
adequate
adj. 1) 令人满意的 satisfying; 2). 足够的(质量)
I’m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. -
adhere
vi. 粘附,坚持 adhere to 坚持; cling to ; stick to adhere to the original plan 坚持原计划 -
adjust
vt. 调整,使…适合;校准 -
administer
vt.管理;minister n.部长,大臣 -
admire
vt. 钦佩,羡慕; adore vt. 崇拜;爱慕 idot n. 偶像 -
admit
v. 1) 承认 admit doing (被迫)承认;2)允许进入 -mit=go
She immediately came to me to admit her mistake.
admission n.承认,允许进入,录取
admission scores 录取分数线
admission test 入学考试=entrance test -
adopt
vt. 采纳;领养 -
advance
v.前进 进步 -
advantage
n.优势 disadvantage 劣势 -
adventure
n. 冒险(运动);venture n.(事业)冒险;a joint venture 合资企业 -
advertise
v. 做广告; advertisement n. 广告(ad.) -
advisable
adj. 明智的=sensible; advise v.建议;advice n. 建议;advisor n. 顾问;advisory adj. 顾问的 -
advocate
vt.倡导,提倡 advocate sth -
affect
(作文重点词汇)影响(常贬义)
Smoking can affect one’s health. 吸烟会影响人的健康
n. have an effect on sb/sth;
influence n.(中性)have an influence on sb
affection n. 爱=love; win sb’s affections 赢得某人的爱;
affectionate adj. 慈祥的,恩爱的;affectionate eyes/parents/couples -
affiliate
vt. 使附属;vi. 参加,加入; n.附属机构
a middle school affiliated to Renmin University人大附属中学 -
affluent
adj. 富有的,富裕的
fluent adj. 流利的;flu 流感 -
afford
v. 承担的起,负担的起 -
agency
n. 代理机构 -
agent
n. 代理人 a housing agent 房屋中介 -
agenda
n. 议事日程;on the agenda 根据仪事日程 -
aggravate
vt. 加剧,加重,恶化
Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation. -
aggression
n. 1)进取心,上进心 2)进攻,侵略 -gress 滚动,走
aggressive adj. 1)有进取心的 2)好斗的,侵略的
congress 会议,国会;progress 进步;regress 退步 -
agony
n. 剧痛 pain/suffering; in agony 痛苦不堪 -
aid
v. 帮助;n.帮助;come to sb’s aid/rescue 来帮助/拯救sb -
alarm
n.警报;vt.使恐慌 soud/give an alarm; an alarm clock -
alert
vt.使警觉 adj 警觉的,机灵的 be alert to -
alienation
n. 疏远;alien n.外星人,外国人;adj.陌生的;alienate vt.使疏远 -
alike
adj.(表语) adj.相识的 The twins look alike.
adv. 相同,相似; Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 -
allocate
vt. 分配,分发;
The federal budget allocated $7.3 billon for development programes. -
allowance
n.零花钱,津贴,补贴
a housing allowance 住房津贴;living allowance 生活津贴 -
ally
v. 结为联盟 n.同盟国,支持者 -
alter
v. 改变(部分,程度)alter one’s trousers -
alternate
v. 轮流使用;adj.轮流的 alternative n.替代物,选择余地,选择方法(二者择一)
have no alternative but to do 别无选择do
vary vt. 使多样化 vi.浮动
vary from A to B;vary between A and B;variety n.多样化,多样性
range v.浮动,变动 n.范围,领域 range from A to B;range betweent A and B
modify 修改;修饰 modify the law 修订法律
convert (两种事物之间的)转变 convert some dollars into RMB
convert defeat into victory 转败为胜 -
altitude
n.海拔高度 attitude 态度;longitude 经度;latitude 纬度 -
amateur
adj. 业余的 an amateur player;professional adj.专业的 -
amaze
vt. 使惊异 be/feel amazed; astonish vt.使惊愕 be/feel astonished
surprise/startle/shock -
ambitious
adj. 雄心壮志的,野心勃勃的; ambition n.抱负,雄心;野心
He has a soaring ambiton 他凌云壮志 -
amendment
n.修订,修正案;amend v. 修订;
bill –> 议案 –>法案 –> amendment 修正案 -
ample
adj. 大量的,丰富的 abundant -
amplify
v. 扩大(音量等) -
amuse
vt. 娱乐,使愉快;amusement n. 娱乐 -
analysis
n. 分析 analyze vt. 分析 -
annoy
vt. 激怒,使苦恼 irriate 激怒 provoke 激怒挑衅 -
anticipate
v. 预料,期待 -
apparatus
n. 一套仪器,一套装置 a heating apparatus 一套供暖设备
appliance 电器 household appliances 家电 -
apparent
adj. 1)表面的 apparent indifference 表面的冷漠; 2)明显的 apparent difference 明显的不同
It is apparent to us that he is lying.
transparent adj. 透明的 -
appeal
vi. appeal to 1)对…有感染力/吸引力 2)诉诸,求助于 3)呼吁,请求
Shakespeare’s works appeal to us a lot. 莎士比亚的作品对我们很有感染力
appeal to the law/arms 诉诸法律/武力
appeal to the judge for mercy 请求法官给予怜悯 -
appetite
n. 胃口,欲望 pet 宠物 appetizer 饭前开胃菜 dessert 饭后甜点
have an appetite for 有…的欲望 -
applause
n. 鼓掌,掌声 applaud v. 鼓掌 -
appliance
n. 电器 apply 应用 -
applicable
adj. 适用的,可应用的;
appley apply for a visa 申请签证;apply to teaching/practice 应用于
applicant n. 申请者;application n. 申请
applicable adj. 适用的,可应用的;be applicable to
apply oneself to +n. 忙于…; apply one’s energies to + n. 忙于 -
appoint
vt. 1)任命 2)约定,约会
appointment n. 1)任命;2)约会(date 男女约会)
have an appointment with sb.
disappoint vt. 使失望;disappointment n. 失望
Delegate vt 授权,任命,指定;n 代表 -
appraisal
n. 评价,评估;appraise vt. 评价,评估;praise vt. 表扬,赞扬
to appraise sb’s achievements/performance
评价某人的成就/表现 -
appreciate
vt. 1)理解 领会 i appreciate your anxiety about your son’s illness.
2)感激 appreciate sth;I appreciate your help a lot. (不能接人)
3)欣赏,鉴赏 to appreciate English poems. -
approach
v. 接近 n. 方法(way/method);接近
The Spring Festival is approaching.
an approachable teacher 和蔼可亲的老师
He put forward a good approach to dealing with the problem. -
appropriate
adj. 适当的,恰当的(文);on an appropriate occasion 适当的场合;vt. 挪用 -
approve
vi. 同意,赞同 approve of sb’s plan; vt. 批准,通过 -
apt
adj. 1)聪明的,敏捷的 an apt student;
2)有…趋势的,倾向于…的 be apt to do -
arise
vi. 出现 arose arisen;appear= come up = sping up = turn up = emerge 出现
A new problem has arisen at the meeting.
rise vi. rose risen 上升;raise vt. 升起,使出现 -
arouse
vt. 激起,引起=cause;
arouse sb’s enthusiasm
arouse sb’s suspicion 怀疑;arouse sb’s concern 关注 -
array
n. an array of (排列整齐的)一排;一批;一系列;大量
The government is confronted with a complex array of economic problems.
政府面对着一系列复杂的经济问题 -
arrest
n. v. 逮捕 -
arrogant
adj. 高傲的 -
article
n. 1)文章 2)物品 -
artificial
adj. 人工的,非自然的,假的;
AI – artificial intelligence 人工智能
artificial flowers/leather 假花/人造革
artificial satellite 人造卫星;natural自然的;fake adj. 假的,伪劣的,仿冒的 v. 伪造
forged 伪造的;假的 a forged diploma 假文凭
fabricated adj. 捏造的,编造的 a fabricated story 编造的报导 -
ascend
v. 上升;descend 下降 descendant 后代 -
ashamed
adj. 羞愧的 be ashamed of;shame n. 羞耻;
shameful adj. 可耻的(行为);a shameful cheat on exams shameless adj. 无耻的(人) -
aspect
n. 方面 -spect 看;respect n. 方面 vt. 尊重;expect 期待 inspect 检查,视察;
prospect 前景,前途;introspect 内省;retrospect 回顾;
Perspective n. 观点,远景,透视图 spectator 观众 viewer/audience -
assembly
n. (人)集合,集会,大会;
the freedom of assembly 集会的自由;
the General Assembly 联合国大会
an assembly line/shop 生产线/车间
assemble vt. (人)召集,聚集,集中;(物)组装
to assemble the pupils for a game;to assemble a machine
Resmble vt. 相像,类似 -
assert
vt. 认为,断言 -
assessment
n. 评估 assess 评估 评价 -
asset
n. 资产,优点 常用复数assets;assess sb’s assets/possessions -
assignment
n. 1)分配,委派 2)任务,作业;sign 签名;resign 辞职,放弃;design 设计 -
assist
vt. 帮助=help;assist sb with sth;assistant n.助手
insist 主张,坚持,认为 insist on doing
consist of vi. 组成(无被动形式);
The class(个体)consists of 100 students(整体).
persis 坚持(继续)persist in doing;
resist vt. 抵制,反对 resist the temptation -
associate
v. 1)交往,来往 associate with sb
vt. 2)使联系,使联合 associate A with B
We often associate Santa Clause with Christmas.
adj. 副的 associate professors 副教授
association n. 1)交往 2)联想 3)俱乐部,协会 -
assume
1)假设 2)认为 3)承担
assume one’s office 就职 assumption n. 假设,观点,承担
consume 1)耗尽 use up/run out/exhaust;2)消耗,消费
presume 假设;
resume n. 简历;vi 继续 resume to do sth -
assure
vt. 保证
assure sb of sth;assure sb that s’+v’
insure sth against 给sth投保;insurance company 保险公司
ensure sth/that s’+v’ 确定,确信 -
astonish
vt. 使惊愕 amaze vt. 使惊异 -
attach
vt. 粘;attach A to B
attach a label to one’s luggage
attach much importance to … 重视
Now many people attach great importance to health
detach 断开,分开 -
attain
1)vt. 实现,完成,(通过努力)取得
2)vi. 达到,到达 attain(to) (答案)
attain one’s purpose attainment 造诣
attain (to) the mountain top 到达山顶
attain (to) manhood 进入成年期
attain (to) perfection 臻于完美
atttain(到达)–>obtiain(得到)–>entertain(娱乐)–retain(保持)–>contain(容纳)–>maintain(保养)–>(维持)sustain–>detain(扣留;耽搁)–>abstain(戒除) -
attempt
1)试图 attempt to do
2)努力 endeavor to do = try to do = make efforts to do
contempt n. 轻视蔑视
temp v. 诱惑;temptation n. 诱惑;resist temptation -
attend
vi. 关注,应对,处理,应对 attend to
attend to an emergency matter 处理
pretend/contend主张斗争
attend to a sick man 照顾病人
vt. 出席 attend a meeting;attend Harvard 上哈佛;attend school 上学
tend 1)趋势 tend to do 往往…;2)照顾,照料 look after
tend the cattle 照顾牛群
tendency n. 趋势
tender adj. (sb) 温柔的,和蔼的;(sth)娇嫩的 -
attract
vt. 吸引 vi. 有吸引力,引起注意 -
attribute
v. 归功于,归属于,归因于 attribute sth to sb
attribute one’s success to good luck
tribute n. 贡品
distribute sth to 分发,分配;contribute to vi. 1)为…做贡献 2)有助于
Good luck contributes to one;s success
3)vt. 捐助 sth;contribute sth to
contribute a sum of money to the refugees -
audience
n. 观众(集合) -
authority
n. 权力,权威;right 权利;author n.作者;authority n.权威
be an authority on English
authoritites n.政府,当局;the local authorities 地方当局
authorize vt. 授权 authorize sb to do -
automatic
adj. 自动的 ATM-Automatic TellerMachine; automobile 汽车=auto(美) -
availabel
adj. 可使用的,可得到的;be available for -
avoidable
adj. 可以避免的 -
award
vt. 授予 n. 奖品;capture the fire award 夺得第一等奖;reward vt. n. 回报 reward sb sth -
aware
adj. 意识到的 be aware/consicious of/that s’+v’
He was aware of being watched -
awful
adj. 可怕的 = terrible;awe 敬畏;可怕; awfully adv. 非常,极其 I’m awfully sorry 非常对不起 -
awkward
adj. 1)设计不良的(物)an awkward bridge 2)笨拙的(人)an awkward man 3)尴尬的 awkward silence
七、A开头新增词汇
-
aftermath
n. (战争、事故、不快事情的)后果,创伤 -
aggregate
v. 合计 n. 总体,集合体
aggregate supply 总供给,总体供应,总体给量,需求
aggregate performance 总体表现 -
albeit
conj. 虽然,尽管 -
algorithm
算法;计算程序 -
align
vt. 使结盟;事成一行;匹配 -
archive
n. 档案馆;档案文件;vt. 把…存档 -
arena
n. 舞台;竞技场 -
artifact
n. 人工制品,手工艺品;遗物;(artefact的另一种拼法)