英语词汇导学–顾巍老师
D开头重点单词盘点
- debate
n 辩论 – dispute n 争端
controvery n 争论 argument n 争论，论点 -argue -
decay
vi 腐烂 corrupt v 腐败 delay v 耽搁，延迟 -
deceive
vt 欺骗 deceive(cheat) sb into doing -
decline
v&n 下降；vt 婉拒 -cline 弯曲
decline an offer decline an invitation sb
incline to do 倾向做 recline 依靠 + on -
decrease
v&n increase v&n -
dedicate
-devote commit vt 1) do/make；2）承诺
commit a crime/commit suicide
be commited/dedicated/devoted to +N 致力于 -
deem
v think 认为 -
deficit
n -deficient adj 不足的 n 赤字 efficient adj 有效率的 -
define
vt 下定义 -definition n 定义
confine to 限制 refine vt 精炼
refined sugar 精糖 refine your language -
delegate
n 代表 vt 授权，委任 -
deliberate
adj 故意的；从容的 -
delighted
adj 开心的，高兴的 -delight vt -
deliver
vt 投放，送
deliver milk/newspaper/a speech
delivery n the pxpress service -
democratic
adj 民主的 -democracy n -
demonstrate
show 演示展示 display demonstration n
游行示威 depict-describe描写 -
deny
vt 否认 2）拒绝 deny sb sth
Nobody can deny children the right to receive education -
dependent
adj + on -depend on 依赖 be dependent of 独立于 -
depress
v 1）萧条 2）抑郁 -depression 萧条；抑郁症
depressed adj compress vt 压缩 – impress vt 印象 -express
vt 表达 express emotions -repress vt 压制，抑制 -oppress -suppress -
deprive
vt 剥夺 deprive sb of sth -
derive
derive from 源自 – come from源自 – stem from – originate from -
descendant
descend – ascend vi 上升 descendant 后代，下降 -
deserve
vt 值得，该受
conserve vt 保守，保护 -conservative adj 保守的 -conservation n 保护 observe vt 观察；遵守，vi 说
reserve vt 预定，保留；n 储备，储存，保留 reservation 预定
reserved 有所保留的 oill reserved/reserve fund
preserve vt 保存；腌制 preserved meat a well-preserved lady -
designate
vt 指定，标明，命名 -
desirable
adj 渴望的，想要的，理解的 -desive vt 渴望 to do
desirable jobs理想的工作 -
desperate
adj 绝望的，孤注一掷的
desperate vt 绝望 – despaired -
despise
vt 蔑视，轻视 -
detect
vt 发现-detective n 侦探 -
determine
vt 决心 I am determined to do 决心做 -
devise
vt 设计 -device n 设备 -
dictate
vt 听写；口授；命令
dictation n 命令
-dic 说 dictation dictionary n 字典
contradict vt 矛盾 -
dilemma
n 进退两难 -
diligent
adj 勤奋的
I am a hard-working/diligent/industrious student
industry n 工业；勤奋 industrial adj 工业的 industrous adj -
diminish
vt 减少；减小 -mini 小 miniskirt -
disastrous
adj -disaster n 灾难
This is a disaster This can cause disastrous consequence -
discern
vt 辨认，确认 – identify vt 约束，管束 -
dsicipline
n 学科 This a cross discipline 纪律
classroom discipline/military discipline self-discipline 自律性 -
disclose
– enclose vt 圈起来 – enclosure n
close vt 关闭 adj disclose vt 透露，揭露，泄露
- discriminate
n 歧视 racial/age/sex/gender discriminate -
disgrace
vt 不雅，是丢脸
Grace n 优雅 graceful/graceless/disgraceful -
disguise
v&n 伪装
a blessing in disguise put yourself in other‘s shoes 换位思考 -
dismiss
vt 打发，解散；不理会
lay off 解雇 you are dismissed -
display
demonstrate vt&n be on display window display 橱窗展示 -
dispose
vi +of 处置，处理（旧物）-disposal n at sb’s
disposal the car is now at my dispose -
disrupt
-rupt=break bankrupt/corrupt/erupt/interrupt 打断，干扰
disrupt vt 破坏 disruption 打扰 -
distinct
adj 不同的+from;清楚的
The smell of beer is distinct from wine -
distinguish
vt 1)区分 distinguish A from B；distinguish between…and
please distinguish the good from the bad
2)使卓越 He has distinguish himself many time in war
distinguished adj 卓越的 a distinguished guest 嘉宾 -
distract
分散 vt from 注意力等
attract- contract- extract- abstract- tract：draw -
distribute
vt 分发，分派，分布- distribution
contribute attribute to 归因于 -
diverse
adj 各种各样的 – diversity n 多样性
biodiversity n 生物多样性 -
dividend
n 分红
allowance bonus divide vt 分割 -
domestic
adj 国内的，家的 domestic departure 国内离岗
domestic violence 家暴 -
dominant
vt 占主导，占主控 -dominant adj -
dramatic
adj 戏剧化的 – drama n 戏剧
considerable adj 可观的 大量的 -
due
adj 应到的 is due to ;到期的；因为；适当的
after due 适当的 consideration，he decided to undertake MBA program -
dynamic
adj 动态的；有活力的 energetic/vigorous adj 有活力的
dynamics n 动力学；动态
E开头重点单词盘点
-
ease
n 容易；舒服，自在 -easy take it easy
I felt/was at ease talking with you
vt 减轻，减缓 -lessen/relieve -
echo
n 回声 vt 回响 narcissus 水仙花 -
economical
economic- economy economic development
adj 经济实惠的 economical wifi -
effective
effect affect effective efficient
deficient adj -deficit n 赤字 efficient adj 效率的 efficiency effective adj有效的 effect n影响，效果 effect vt 影响 -
effort
endeavor n&vi 努力
try to do/manage to do make efforts to do
endeavor to do /make an endeavor to do -
elaborate
adj 精心准备的；复杂的 an elaborate dinner
complex complicated sophisticated intricate elaborate -
elapse
lapse collapse
collapse v 崩溃；倒塌 lapse n 小错 vi 流逝 blunder 大错 -
elevate
vt 提升 elevator n 电梯 – lift
escalate vt 滚动升级 – escalator n 滚梯
A good book can elevate our minds 抽象 -
eliminate
vt 消除根除；淘汰
eliminate poverty n elimination -
elite
n 精英 -
embarrass
awkward adj 尴尬的 vt 使尴尬
he asked me embarrassing question
I felt embarrassed -
embody
vt 体现 -
emerge
vi 出现 + from -arise an emerging industry 新兴行业
emergency emergence emergent
n 紧急情况 n 出现 adj 紧急的
an emergency airport/brake/room/fund/exit -
emigrate
vi 移民 migrate vi 迁徙 – immigrate 移民
migrant n -immigrant – emigrant n 移民 -
eminent
prominent exceptional extraordinary distinguished outstanding 杰出的，卓越的 excellent execl vi 优秀+at 好，擅长，优秀 -
emit
排出，排放 – emission
save energy and reduce carbon emission 节能减排
-mit:go commit/limit/emit/submit/transmit -
encounter
vt 遇见，偶遇；遭遇 -meet -
endeavour
vi&n 努力
endeavor to do 努力去做 -
endow
vt 赋予才能，财富 be endow with -
endure
vt 忍受；tolerate vt 宽容，容忍
bear vt put up with -
engage
vt 忙于；从事；吸引 be engaged in 忙于；从事
the toy can engage the attention of the kid
订婚 engagement ring 订婚戒指 -
enhance
vt 提高（抽象如品质等）- elevate 提升思想
the beautiful moonlight can enhance the romance of the night
improve the living standards -
enormous
adj 巨大的（体积，距离，程度） -
enroll
vt 录取，录用，招生 roll n 名单
enlarge the enrollment of the university -
ensure
vt 确保，保证 – assure assure sb of sth/that ensure(sb) sth/that sure adj -
entail
vt 包含 +N/doing -involve -
enterprise
n 企业；进取心
state-owned enterprise 国有企业
corporation n 公司
He is a young man of enterprise -
enthusiastic
adj 热情的 enthusiasm -
epidemic
n 流行病 covid-19；coronavirus pandemic -
equivalent
n 等同物，等价物 -of/to
-que:相等；平等 adj -equality n -
erase
vt 擦除；去除 eraser n 橡皮 -
erect
correct vt 改正，纠正（错误）；矫正
-rect 直立 rectify vt 纠正；矫正 -
erupt
vt 爆发，喷发（火山等）eruption n -
essential
adj 基本重要的
essence n 本质 in essence 从本质上讲
重要的 critical- crucial- vital -
estate
real estate房地产 property n 财产；地产 -
esteem
self-esteem 自尊 self-confidence self-discipline -
estimate
vt 估计 estimation over/underestimate -
eternal
adj 永恒的 -
ethnic
种族的 – ethic adj 道德的，伦理的 &n -
evacuate
vt 撤离，疏散 -
evade
vt 逃跑 – invade vt 入侵，侵略 -
evaluate
vt 估价，评估 vale(价值等)
assess vt 评估（质量等） -
eventually
最终 finally/in the end/at last -
evident
adj 明显的，显而易见的 evidence n 证据 -proof
明显地：evidently；apparently；obviously；self-evident 不言而喻的 -
evolve
vi 进化发展 – evolution n 进化
shenzhen has evolved from a small fishing village into a modern big city
-volve 转 involve vt 卷入牵连；包含- involution 内卷 I don’t want to be involved in the case
revolve v 旋转 – revolution n 革命 -
exaggerate
vt 夸张 exaggerate exaggeration n
boast vt 吹牛 -
exceed
vt 超出 – excessive adj 过量的
-ceec 走v/-cess n
proceed- process cede走v/-cession n
recede- recession -
exclude
排除- include包含
inclusive adj 包含的（inclusiveness）
– exclusive adj 排他的，独有的，专有的
an exclusive interview 独家专访
The rent is &350，breakfast included/excluded=inclusive/exclusive of breakfast
- executive
n 行政官员；执行 CEO- chief executive officer sports executive -
exert
vt 施加（压力、影响）
exert pressure/influence on -
exempt
adj免除的 be exempt from 免于+punishment duty-free -
expel
repel- compel- dispel -pel 推 pull/push
expel vt 驱逐
compel vt 逼迫迫使 -be compelled to do 不得不
repel v 排斥 water and fire repel each other
dispel vi 消散（烦恼） -
expend
expand- expend- extend
expand v 扩张，扩大，膨胀
expand territory 扩张领土
enlarge your vocabulary 扩大词汇量
extend vt 延伸，延展，延长 – make longer
extend my vacation 延长假期
expend vt 花费花销 – expensive adj 贵的
expenditure n 花销话费（不可数）
expense n 花销花费（复数） -
expenditure
expenditure- expense- expend
expenditure n 花销花费（不可数）
expense n 花销花费（复数） -
expose
vt 暴露于；接触到+to be exposed to
Don’t expose your skin to strong sunlight
college students can be exposed to many foreign cultures -
extent
to some extent 在一定程度上
health is important to us
health，to some extent，is critical to us -
external
adj 外部的 – internal adj 内部的 -
extinguish
vt 熄灭灭火 – distinguish 区分 -
extract
adj 灭绝的
many animals have been extinct -
extreme
n 极端 don’t go the extreme
extremely adv very 非常地
F开头重点单词盘点
-
fabricate
vt 编织，编造
fabric n 纤维，织物 -
facilitate
vt 使便利，使容易；促进
-facility n 便利设施（复数）
teaching/sports facilities
The construction 修建 of the road
facilitates the local economic development -
faculty
– staff （集合名词）员工；教职员工
- fade
vi 褪色；消退；减退
The painful memory began to fade -
faithful
faith n 忠诚；信念 – faithful adj 忠诚的 -
familiar
adj 熟悉的 – acquaint vt 熟悉
be familiar with/be familiar to
I am familiar with the word
The word is familiar to me
I am acquainted with the word
acquaintance n 熟人 -
famine
n 饥荒 -
fascinate
vt 着迷，迷恋
be fascinated with 着迷 -
fatigue
n 疲劳，疲惫 -
fasten
vt 固定
For the sake of 为了your safety，please fasten your seatbelt -
feasible
adj 可行的 – flexible adj 灵活的，弹性的
flexible working schedule 灵活工作制
feasibility- flexibility n -
feature
n 特点特征；
vt 以…为特色；由…主演；以…为主要组成；起重要作用；占重要地位
The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm
olive oil and garlic feature prominently in his recipes -
fierce
adj 凶猛的
fierce competition 激烈的竞争
domestic violence violent adj 暴力的 -
financial
n 财政，金融 – financial adj financial n 财政，金融 – financial adj financial deficit 财政赤字 financial crisis 金融危机 -
finite
adj 有限的 – infinite adj 无限的 finite natural resource 资源
infinite creativity -
flatter
vt 奉承 -
flourish
vi 繁荣
boom-booming
flourish- flourishing
prosper- prospering
thrive- thriving -
fluctuate
v 波动；fluctuation n -
forbid
vt 禁止 – forbid sb to do
The forbidden city
ban/keep/stop/prevent/prohibit/hamper/hinder sb from doing -
forecast
预报 – foretell 预言 – foresee 预见
unforeseeable consequence
fore-前
forefather
forefinger
forehead
foreleg
foreleg
forearm -
foster
vt 养育；培养；照料；促进
raise vt 养育
cultivate vt 培养- talents
照料 take care of/look after
促进 promote
foster a kid
foster friendship -
fragile
adj 易碎的，脆弱的 -
fragment
n 片段，碎片 -
frame
n 框架 -
fraud
n 骗子 -
frighten
vt 使害怕- fright n 恐惧，害怕
Are you frightened/scared？ -
fringe
– brim- verge- edge- margin n 边缘+on
fringe（地域）边缘，流苏
On the fringe of the forest
brim（容器）边缘+ on the brim of the glass
verge（抽象-坏事）边缘
on the verge of bankruptcy/despair
edge n 边缘；刀刃；优势
a double- edged sword 双刃剑
margin n 边缘；（书）空白边缘；幅度；余地
on the margin of the lake
take notes in the margin of the book
he won the game by a wide/narrow margin
-
frugal
adj 节约的
economical/thrifty adj -
fulfill
vt 完成；履行；实现
fulfill a task
fulfill one’s promise/contract
fulfill one‘s ambition/dream
fulfilled adj 满足的满意的
fulfillment n 满足
a sense of fulfillment 满足感 -
function
n 功能；vt 发挥功效
The machine doesn’t function well -
fund
n 资金 vt 资助 -
fuss
make a fuss of 大惊小怪